Theoretical Concepts And Concerns About Performance...

The next section pertains the theoretical concepts and concerns about performance management. Its definition, essences and principles also purposes. 2.4. Performance Management 2.4.1. Definition Many scholars define performance management, as it is aforementioned the concepts itself are ambiguous and being used interchangeably with other term. Some argue that performance management extends beyond the concept of management appraisal or performance related pay of the 1980s, which address how a person should be rewarded after the completion of tasks over a given period (Mupazviriho, 2003 cited in Ohemeng, 2009), however performance management viewed not only on individual or personal appraisal, it is way beyond that, it is related with†¦show more content†¦(Lebas, 1995). Performance can be defined in various perspectives Poister (2003: 12) refers to it as the process of directing and controlling employees and work units in an organisation and motivating them to perform at higher levels. Management is responsible for achieving results in an efficient way (Hughes 2003: 6). The definition of performance management may be deduced from the definitions of performance and management. Another definition presented by Ko et al. (2004: 39) is that performance management is the process of establishing strategic objectives and performance targets, designing a programme to achieve the objectives, implementing the programme, monitoring the results and determining whether the objectives and targets have been met, and reflecting the results in decision-making. Performance management mnrt ARMSTRONG Performance Management (From thesis PM in UK vs Korea) Performance management can be considered in two dimensional or level, the individual and organisational level. There is a close relationship between organisational and individual performance, whereas organisational performance relies on individual performance. For this reason, it may be difficult to improve organizational without improving individual performance. (Although main object of this research is organisational performance management system, aspects of individual performance will be considered where appropriate.) Since the late 1970s,

Out from Behind This Mask Review - 1645 Words

Out From Behind This Mask By: Walt Whitman †¢ Synopsis In Whitman’s poem Out From Behind This Mask, the poem starts out by talking about the passion and excitement that to many, lies just out of reach. Whitman is trying to illustrate how this ecstasy is much closer than once thought, by comparing the barrier as a curtain or a mask. The wonders that lie beyond this mask range from â€Å"passionate teeming plays† to â€Å"the glaze of God’s serenest, purest sky.† To Whitman, the possibilities are endless. In the first line, â€Å"Out from behind this bending, rough-cut mask†, Walt Whitman establishes that this poem has a personalized message for each reader with the â€Å"rough-cut mask† symbolizing everyone’s outside appearance (or face). The third and†¦show more content†¦Whitman also represents ‘good and bad’ as â€Å"sun or moon† (day or night) and â€Å"peace and war†. He uses â€Å"continent† and â€Å"sea†, oppos ites on the planet Earth, to describe the mask as a map. His use of opposites also relates to illusion of size; the â€Å"limitless small† and â€Å"condensation of the universe†. When limitless first comes to mind, one thinks of a very large area, but it is unfathomable for something to be â€Å"limitless[ly] small†. Similarly, the universe extends forever, but how can one condense ‘forever’? Concealment: The second motif is concealment and is present in the first half of the poem. The first example is the concealment of the face, â€Å"mask†. One wears a mask to conceal their face, identity, or emotions. A â€Å"curtain† is basically used to block out the outside world (privacy) or, as in a play, conceal motions/actions made. The â€Å"glaze† or â€Å"film† from lines 7 8 are used to damper the intensity or protect from certain aspects. Movement: Simple words like out and more complex ones such as revolving are used by Mr. Whitman for the same purpose. He wants everyone to enjoy life to the maximum and take advantage of every opportunity by getting up and going for it. Astronomy: Whitman makes repeated references to astronomical objects, in order to illustrate how strongly he feels about living life for the moment. Religion: Religious references are made less obviously than theShow MoreRelatedProduct Analysis986 Words   |  4 P agessome amazing people behind the brand. Founded in Switzerland in 1975, Petter Mà ¸rck, with a group of leading biochemists, biologists and herbalists created Arbonne skincare products which are based on botanical principles. The company came to the United States in the 1980’s and are now shared throughout the world by a growing network of Arbonne Independent Consultants. Below is a review of some of our favorite products. NEW! RE9 Advanced Cellular Renewal Mask This mask is like a hug for irritatedRead MoreThe Phantom of the Opera Essay1375 Words   |  6 Pagesplace in Paris. 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The brain and spinal cord are made up of many cells, including neurons and glial cells. Neurons are cells that send and receive electro-chemical signals to and from the brain and nervous system. There are about 100 billion neurons in the brain. We will write a custom essay sample on Study More or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are many more glial cells; they provide support functions for the neurons, and are far more numerous than neurons. There are many type of neurons. They vary in size from 4 microns (. 004 mm) to 100 microns (. 1 mm) in diameter. Their length varies from a fraction of an inch to several feet. Neurons  are nerve cells that transmit nerve signals to and from the brain at up to 200 mph. The neuron consists of a  cell body (or soma)  with branching  dendrites(signal receivers) and a projection called an  axon, which conduct the nerve signal. At the other end of the axon, the  axon terminals  transmit the electro-chemical signal across a  synapse  (the gap between the axon terminal and the receiving cell). The word â€Å"neuron† was coined by the German scientist Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz in 1891 (he also coined the term â€Å"chromosome†). The  axon, a long extension of a nerve cell, and take information away from the cell body. Bundles of axons are known as nerves or, within the CNS (central nervous system), as nerve tracts or pathways. Dendrites bring information to the cell body. Myelin  coats and insulates the axon (except for periodic breaks called nodes of Ranvier), increasing transmission speed along the axon. Myelin is manufactured by Schwann’s cells, and consists of 70-80% lipids (fat) and 20-30% protein. The  cell body (soma)  contains the neuron’s nucleus (with DNA and typical nuclear organelles). Dendrites branch from the cell body and receive messages. A typical neuron has about 1,000 to 10,000 synapses (that is, it communicates with 1,000-10,000 other neurons, muscle cells, glands, etc. ). DIFFERENT TYPES OF NEURONS There are different types of neurons. They all carry electro-chemical nerve signals, but differ in structure (the number of processes, or axons, emanating from the cell body) and are found in different parts of the body. Sensory neurons or Bipolar neurons  carry messages from the body’s sense receptors (eyes, ears, etc. ) to the CNS. These neurons have two processes. Sensory neuron account for 0. 9% of all neurons. (Examples are retinal cells, olfactory epithelium cells. ) * Motoneurons or Multipolar neurons  carry signals from the CNS to the muscles and glands. These neurons have many processes originating from the cell body. Motoneurons account for 9% of all neurons. (Examples are spinal motor neurons, pyramidal neurons, Purkinje cells. * Interneurons or Pseudopolare (Spelling) cells  form all the neural wiring within the CNS. These have two axons (instead of an axon and a dendrite). One axon communicates with the spinal cord; one with either the skin or muscle. These neurons have two processes. (Examples are dorsal root ganglia cells. ) LIFE SPAN OF NEURONS Unlike most other cells, neurons cannot regrow after damage (except neurons from the hippocampus). Fortunately, there are about 100 billion neurons in the brain. GLIAL CELLS Glial cells make up 90 percent of the brain’s cells. Glial cells are nerve cells that don’t carry nerve impulses. The various glial (meaning â€Å"glue†) cells perform many important functions, including: digestion of parts of dead neurons, manufacturing myelin for neurons, providing physical and nutritional support for neurons, and more. Types of glial cells include Schwann’s Cells, Satellite Cells,  Microglia, Oligodendroglia, and Astroglia. Neuroglia (meaning â€Å"nerve glue†) are the another type of brain cell. These cells guide neurons during fetal development. How to cite Study More, Essay examples